Exo-3-methyltricyclo(4.2.1.0 2,5)nona-3,7-dienes and their preparation from allene and a bicyclo (2.2.1)hepta-2,5-diene

ABSTRACT

Novel polymer-forming exo-3-methyltricyclo(4.2.1.02,5)-nona-3,7dienes are prepared from allene and bicyclo( 2.2.1)-hepta-2,5dienes in the presence of palladium(o) or nickel(o) compounds used as catalysts.

United States Patent 1 Coulson [75] Inventor:

Del.

[73] Assignee: E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Del.

[22] Filed: Mar. 23, 1971 [21] Appl. No.: 127,398

[52] US. Cl 260/666 PY, 260/611, 260/668 [51] Int. Cl. C07c 3/00 [58] Field 01' Search 260/666 PY, 611,

Dale Robert Coulson, Wilmington,

catalysts.

[ 1 Sept. 18, 1973 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,265,749 8/1966 Cannell 260/666 PY 3,258,501 6/1966 Cannell 260/666 PY 2,960,541 11/1960 Elam et a1. 260/666 PY Primary Examiner-Delbert E. Gantz Assistant Examiner-Veronica OKeefe Attorney -James H. Ryan 5 7] ABSTRACT Novel polymer-forming exo-3-methyltricyc10[4.2.1.0 ]-nona-3,7dienes are prepared from a1- lene and bicyclo[2.2.l]-hepta-2,5-dienes in the presence of palladium(o) or nicke1(o) compounds used as 3 Claims, No Drawings sxo-s-mnrnvmnrcycrm4.2.1.0

(2.2.I)I*IEITA-2,5-DIENE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 3. Schrauzer, et al,, 97, 2451 (1964), describe the preparation of 7,8-dipheny1tricyclo[4.2.1.0 ]nona- 3,7-diene from norbornadiene and diphenylacetylene.

4. Watts, et al., J. Am. Chem. 500., 88,623 (1966), describe the preparation of endo-tricyclo[4.2.l.0 ]nona-3,7-diene from cyclopentadiene and cyclobutadiene. I

5. Natta, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,383,371, show copolymers of a monoalkenylcyclobutene and at least one mono-olefin selected from ethylene, propylene and 1- butene (examples include 3-( 1-methyla1lyl)cyclobutene and 3-(5-hexenyl)cyclobutene. 7

6. Adamek, et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,21 1,709, show copolymers containing at least two asolefins of two to carbons and an ethylenically unsaturated bridged ring hydrocarbon containing at least two ethylenic double bonds.

SUMMARY AND DETAILS OF THE INVENTION The present novel compounds have the generic formula 1,

where R and R can be alike or different, and can be hydrogen or lower alkyl (of up to four carbons) and where R R, R and R can be alike or different and' can be hydrogen, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy (of up to four carbons) or aryl of up to eight carbon atoms.

The compounds of formula (I) can be prepared according to the following equation:

wherein R R R, R, R and R are defined as above for (I).

In practice, the reactants are merely contacted with each other and a catalytic amount of a palladium(O) or nickel(O) complex catalyst, generally in the liquid phase, and the reaction allowed to proceed. The mole ratio of dienel-allene can range from 10:1 to 1:10, the preferred ratio being 5: 1.

The reaction temperature ranges from 75C to 175C, with a range of 120l50C preferred. Sufficient pressure is required to keep both reactants in the liquid phase for best results. Since allene is a lowboiling liquid (bp=34.5C) and is quite soluble in norbornadienes, pressures from 200-600 psig are adequate.

The reaction can be run in any suitable organic solvent which is inert toward reactants and products and fluid under reaction temperature conditions. The preferred solvents include: hydrocarbons such as benzene, xylene, toluene and hexane; and nitriles, such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, and benzonitrile. l-lalogenated solvents such as chloroform or strongly coordinating solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide, phosphites, phosphines or amines appear to be poor solvents.

Any complex compound of palladium(0) or nickel(O) is regarded as useful as a catalyst in the process of this invention, the palladium catalyst being preferred. Mixtures of catalysts can, of course, be employed, but without particular benefit. The quantity of catalyst is not critical and can vary widely, e.g., a catalyst; allene mole ratio in the range of about 1:40 -1:600

' in Table I.

TABLE I I fumarate)- maleate)- anhydride Bis( triphenylphosphite dicarbonyl )nickel( O) o-Pheny1enebis( diethylphosphine (dicarbonyl nickel(O) Tris( triphenylphosphite (carbonyl )nickel( O) Tetrakis(triphenylphosphite )nickel(O) Bis( cyclooctadiene )nickel( O) Tetrakis( triphenylphosphine )nickel( O) EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION There follow some nonlimiting examples illustrating all aspects of the invention. In these examples, parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise noted.

EXAMPLE 1 Part A This procedure. is a slightly modified version of the procedure of S. Takahashi and N. Hagehara, Nippon K- agaku Zasshi, 88, 1306 (1967): A solution of 51.1 g (44.2 mmoles) of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium() was prepared in 1000 ml of benzene under nitrogen. To this was added a solution of 4.92 g (50 mmoles) of maleic anhydride in 90 ml of benzene over 2 minutes with stirring. Benzene was evaporated from the resulting solution on a rotary evaporator and the residue extracted with 400 ml of ether. The insoluble portion was then again washed with 3 times 20 ml portions with acetone. The residue was allowed to dry giving 24.6 g of bis(triphenylphosphine)-(maleic anhydride)palladium(0).

PartB A solution of 3.5 g (4.5 mmoles) of bis(triphenylphosphine)(maleic anhydride)palladium(0) in 264 ml (2700 mmoles) of norbomadiene was placed in a 400- cc stainless steel-lined autoclave. The system was then charged with 23 g (563 mmoles) of allene. The autoclave was heated to 145C for 5 hours with shaking] The resulting solution was distilled under aspirator As further proof of the structure of exo-3- methyltricyclo[4.2.l.0 ]nona-3,7-diene, a catalytic hydrogenation was carried out. A sample of the diene (0.661 g, 5 mmoles) was mixed with 0.05 8 of5 percent palladium on carbon and 5 ml of ethanol. The resulting mixture absorbed 252.2 cc of hydrogen indicating the saturation of 2.04 double bonds. Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis on 20% silicone gum nitrile (4 feet X V4 inches) at 78C revealed one major product (retention time 17 minutes. Collection of this material afforded a very pure sample of exo-3-methyltricyclo[4.2. 1.0]nonane.

Anal. Calcd. for C I-I C, 88.25; H, 11.85; Found:

EXAMPLE 2 Solutions of the reactants norbomadiene and allene at varying mole ratios in benzene containing bis(triphenylphosphine)(maleic anhydride)palladium(0) (0.728 g, l mmole) were heated to 145C for 6 hours in an 80-cc stainless steel-lined autoclave. The resulting solutions were diluted to cc with benzene and analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Comparison with a standard solution gave the yields of exo-3-methyltricyclo[4.2.] .0 ]nona-3,7-diene based on the reactant not present in excess. The details are summarized in Table 11.

TABLE I1 Efi'ect of Mole Ratio of Allene: Norbomadiene on Production of exo-3-Methyltricyclo[4.2.1.0 ]nona-3,7-diene Mmoles of Mmoles of Solvent Example Norboradiene Allene (ml) Yield 2-B 500 100 none 53.2

EXAMPLE 3 A series of metal complexes were tested for activity in the formation of exo-3-methyltricyclo[4.2.1.0]- nona-3,7-diene from allene and norbomadiene.

In each case, a solution of 51 m1 (500 mmoles) of norbomadiene in benzene, 4 g (100 mmoles) of allene and 1 mmole of metal complex was heated to C for 6 hours in an 80-cc Hastelloy C-lined autoclave. The product was analyzed after dilution to 100 ml with benzene by gas-liquid chromatography and the results were compared with a standard solution of exo-3- methy1tricyclo[4.2.1.0 ]nona-3.7-diene. Yields are summarized in Table 111.

TABLE 11] Activity of Various Metal Complexes in Production of exo-3-Methyltricyclo[4.2. 1 .0 ]nona-3 ,7-diene Example Complex Yield 3-A Tris( triphenylphosphine )chloro- None rhodium 3-B Bis( triphenylphosphine )chloro- None (carbonyl )iridium 3-C Tetrakis( triphenylphosphine )palladium 5.8

3-D Bis( triphenylphosphine )dichloro- 0.4

palladium 3-E Bis(triphenylphosphine)(dicarbonyl)- 1.1

' nickel 3-F Bis( triphenylphosphine)(chloro- 0.1

(phenyl)pal1adium 3-G Tetrakis( triphenylphosphine None platinum 3-H Octacarbonyldicobalt None 3-1 Bis( benzonitrile)dichloropalladium None EXAMPLE 4 The effect of various solvents on the production of exo-3-methyltricyclo[4.2. 1.01nona-3 ,7-diene from allene and norbomadiene was determined in the following way:

A solution of norbomadiene ml, 250 mmoles), allene (2 g, 50 mmoles), and bis(triphenylphosphine)(- maleic anhydride)palladium (0.365 g, 0.5 mmole) in ml of an appropriate solvent was heated to 145C Fahrenholtz, J. Org. Chem., 28, 1716 (1963), when the substituent is alkyl or aryl, or by the method of G. Wittig and J. Otten, Tet. Letters, 1963, 601, when the substituent is alkoxy or aryloxy. The former method infor 6 hours in an 80-cc l-lastelloy C-lined autoclave. 5 volves the route:

The product solution was diluted to 100 ml with benzene and analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography and compared with a standard solution of exo-3- methyltricyclo[4. 2.1.01nona-3,7-diene. The results are summarized in Table IV.

TABLE IV Effect of Solvent on Production of exo-3-Methyltricyclo-[4.2. 1 .0 ]nona-3 ,7-diene Example Solvent Yield 4-A Benzene 53.0 4-B Acetonitrile 38.8 4-C Methanol 1.4 4D Chloroform 0.6

When substituted norbomadienes are used in place of norbornadiene in the procedure, e.g., of Example 1, the products are as shown in the following Table V:

7-(o-ethylphenyl) BHD phenyl)-MND All R's H except for li smsmiqn dn Bicyclo[2.2. l'fhepta-2.5-diene= BHD; Exo-3-methyltricy- The 1- and Z-substituted norbomadienes of Table V can be prepared by the method of Fr. Pat. No. 1,478,7- 66, utilizing the conventional Diels-Alder route:

I" 12' \R m 51 R alkyl or aryl The 7-substituted norbomadienes of Table V may be prepared either by the method of P. R. Story and S. R.

OC(CH:):

.(CH3)3CO3C I RMgBr v H I 1 1| u l CuBr I other The latter method involves the route:

Cl OR.

ROH HCl The novel monomers of this invention form useful copolymers, e.g., binary and tertiary (terpolymers), which themselves constitute part of the invention.

The copolymers may be prepared by conventional Ziegler-Natta type copolymerization. This procedure involves solution polymerization of olefinic components by means of a Group lV-B or V-B metal halidealuminum alkyl catalyst system (H. V. Boenig, Polyolefins: Structure and Properties, Amer. Elsevier, New

York, 1966.) Usually titanium halides or alkoxides are employed. For example, a terpolymer of ethylene, propylene and dicyclopentadiene has been prepared (W. R. Sorenson and T. W. Campbell, Prep. Methods of Polymer Chemistry," lnterscience Publishers, p. 299.) with ethyl aluminum sesquichloride and vanadium tetrachloride as catalysts.

Example A which follows illustrates the preparation of a terpolymer of the invention.

EXAMPLE A Part A A terpolymer of the monomer of Example 1,- ethylene and propylene was prepared by utilization of a conventional 500-cc, continuous-phase, atmosphericreactor. A 0.1-molar solution of vanadium tris(acetylacetonate) in hexane and a 1.0-molar solution of diisobutylaluminum chloride in hexane were fed at a rate of 0.025 cc/minute into the bottom of the reactor. The solvent hexane was fed at 1500 cc/hour. A gaseous mixture of ethylene and propylene in a mole ratio of 1:5 was piped in while simultaneously adding exo-3- methyltricyclo[4.2. l .0]nona-3,7-diene of Example 1 at a rate of 0.0275 cc/minute. The reactor was run under the above conditions for 6 hours and yielded 68.37 g of dried polymer, i.e., 96% conversion, having 41% propylene, 6.8% diene and 0.52 mole/kg net unsaturation.

An inherent viscosity measurement at 0.1 percent concentration in Perclene perchlorethylene and at 25C gave a value of 6.47. A bromine-number determination gave a value, after correction for hydrogen bromide formed, of 0.61.

Part B The terpolymer prepared above was cured by placing a mixture of 100 parts by weight of polymer, 100 parts of carbon black, 75 parts of paraffinic process oil (ASTM type 1048), parts of zinc oxide, parts of tetramethylthiuram monosulfide, 0.75 parts of Z-mercaptobenzothiazole, and 1.25 parts of sulfur on an Oscillating Disk Rheometer at 166C for approximately minutes. The terpolyrner thus treated formed a tough elastomeric film suitable as a wrapping film. The material is also suitable as a rubber substitute, e.g., in shoe soles or automobile tires.

Additional copolymers (binary and ternary) of the invention that can be prepared by the procedure of Example A are given in Table VI.

TABLE VI Components of Copolymers and Terpolymers Containing EXxo3-methyltricyclo[4.2. 1.01-nona-3 ,7-diene Component 2 Component 3 Ethylene Ethylene Styrene Styrene d-methyll -pentene d-methyll -pentene l-hexene l-hexene 4-phenyll -butene 4-phenyll -butene Allene Butadiene Propylene Propylene Ethylene Propylene sa a e-e r Ethylene wherein R and R alike or different, are hydrogen or lower alkyl, and R, R, R and R alike or different, are hydrogen, lower alkyl or alkoxy or aryl of up to 8 carbon atoms, which comprises contacting and reacting allene with a norbomadiene of the formula Gila IU\ l \EJI 11 wherein the R's are as defined above in liquid phase in an inert organic solvent at a temperature of -l75C and a pressure of 200-600 psig with a catalytic amount of Pd(O) or a Ni(O) compound,

the catalyst:al-lene mole ratio being in the range of about 1:40-1:600 and the diene:allene mole ratio ranging from about l0:l to 1:10.

2. The process of claim 1 which comprises reacting allene with norbomadiene in liquid phase with a catalytic amount of a Pd(O) or a Ni(O) compound.

3. The process of claim 2 in which the catalyst is bis(- triphenylphosphine)(maleic anhydride)palladium(0). 

2. The process of claim 1 which comprises reacting allene with norbornadiene in liquid phase with a catalytic amount of a Pd(O) or a Ni(O) compound.
 3. The process of claim 2 in which the catalyst is bis(triphenylphosphine)(maleic anhydride)palladium(O). 